The level of mutagenesis was estimated basing on chromosome aberrations and genomic mutation frequencies in bone marrow calls of natural rodents population (Allactaga major Kern., Allactaga saltator Eversman,  Cyttelus eritrogenus Br) and domestic anim als (sheep, cattle, horse), which inhabit these regions. Sheep populations which are bred in the regions with different climatic conditions were used for teratological investigations.  

Different generations are met in the populations of mice family rodents caught in the nature. So studying the animals of different ages separately we can estimate the frequency of mutations in the animals of different age inhabiting the same radiation polluted regions. The frequency of chromosome aberrations in mice family rodents from such territories was twice as high as from the clear territories. In some animals chromosome aberration types characteristic for radiation mutagenesis (dicentrics, double acentric fragments) were found [2,4].

High level of cytogenetical instability in somatic cells of agricultural animals which were bred on the pastures within former nuclear test territories for several generations may be caused by chronic radiation in low doses. The analysis of the spectrum of recorded chromosome aberrations in somatic cells and their dynamics in different animal species inhabiting for several generations these territories being chronically irradiated, allows us to investigate the direction of genetical evolution of mammals genofond structure induced by ecological factors [3].

Comparative analysis of the frequencies of spontaneous abortuses, deadborn  and newborn animals with innate developmental anomalies in the flocks bred in different environment conditions may obtain essential information about the influence of the negative antropogenic environmental factors on the animals genotype. Indeed, different developmental anomalies frequency was recorded for the sheep populations from different environments and different selection directions which were carried out for many years. It was found that some types of innate developmental anomalies caused by environmental factors. Endogenic factors also contribute to etiology of some developmental anomalies. In some lambs with innate anatomical defects about 47% bone marrow cells displayed chromosome aberrations and genomic mutation.

2. Zhapbasov R. Кojdyn citogenetikasy zhane teratologijasy – Almaty, 2006. – 287 p.

3. Isamov N.N., Koz'min G.V., Kruglikov B.P. i dr. Sostojanie zdorov'ja sel'skohozjajstvennyh zhivotnyh na territorijah, podvergshihsja radioaktivnomu zagrjazneniju v rezul'tate avarii na Chernobyl'skoj AJeS // Radiacija i risk. – 1997. – № 9. – P. 48-52.

4. Hiroo Nakajima Ph.D. «Radionuclides carved on the annual rings of a tree near Chernobyl» v. 1-7, N. Y. – L., 1994: 266-267 P