The interrelation of the land sizes of the entity and cost of intraeconomic transportations, determination of rational average distances of intraeconomic transportations and the sizes of agricultural enterprises finds reflection in works of many researchers of the end of the nineteenth century and practically economists throughout all twentieth century do not remain unattended. The model offered by us allows to consider all these features by optimization of parameters of the entity, and the criterion of optimization is in number determined as average from the ravnonapravlennykh of vectors in case of addition. For accounting of transportation costs it is necessary to estimate average distances of transportations. Intraeconomic transportations depend not only on the area, but also on a configuration of the parcel of land. Average distance for the same configuration of the parcel of land in case of identical placement of the economic center in direct ratio to a square root from the area (table 1).

Table 1– Average distances of an intraeconomic cargo transportation of specialized dairy farms, meters

Really average distances depend not only on a configuration and the area of the parcel of land, but also on placement of a road net, an arrangement of the economic center. The more land area of economy, the is more cost of intraeconomic transportations both counting on all economy in general, and per unit of the received product.

Those years optimization methods and modeling of economic systems have not been developed yet, and the first computers will appear three decades later and A. V. Chayanov, using graphical creations, algebraic transformations, finds the mathematical solution close to optimum values, offers interesting mathematical formulas for determination of the rational sizes of the agrarian entities taking into account costs for intraeconomic transportations. Modern models of optimization of parameters of the agrarian entities allow to include directly in model intraeconomic transportations as separate restriction.

In the options of a task of optimization of parameters of specialized dairy farms considered above the amount of intraeconomic transportations makes small size. So, in economy with three permanent employees it is necessary to transport 596 t of freight on average distance 264 meters. It will constitute 157 t-km. Costs for intraeconomic transportations even in case of adverse conditions will not exceed 786 rub, in case of the total amount of production costs – 480 thousand rubles that constitutes 0,16%.

In table 2 the characteristic of an intraeconomic cargo transportation is provided in specialized dairy farmings of optimum parameters in case of productivity of cows of 6 thousands kg a year. With increase in the sizes of the entity its land territory increases, the mass of the transported freights grows and the average distance of transportations increases. All this leads to significant increase in costs for an intraeconomic cargo transportation.

Table 2 – An intraeconomic cargo transportation in specialized dairy farmings of optimum parameters

In all cases, the more land area of economy, the is more cost of intraeconomic transportations both counting on all economy in general, and per unit of the received product.

Change of costs for an intraeconomic cargo transportation counting on one cow and one hectare of agricultural holdings (table 3) is of interest.

Table 3 – Amounts of an intraeconomic cargo transportation in specialized dairy farmings, t-km

The productivity of animals, the bigger amount of an intraeconomic cargo transportation, with other things being equal, on the entity is higher. Actually it speaks simply – it is required to a highly productive cow more and the best forages. Or in a different way: it is possible to support by the best feeding the high level of productivity of cows. With increase in productivity of cows at each head the big fodder area is required, and the land territory of economy increases, so, also the amount of an intraeconomic cargo transportation on 1 hectare of the farmland increases.

For example, the area of economy with 500 permanent employees in case of productivity of 4500 kg constitutes 5259 hectares, and in case of productivity of cows in 6000 kg – already 6603 hectares. Also the structure of forages changes. But the main dependence here another – with increase in number of workers at economy grows a livestock of cows and amount of an intraeconomic cargo transportation. In small-scale enterprises the amount of an intraeconomic cargo transportation makes hundreds of ton-kilometers, averages – tens of thousands, and in large – already hundreds of thousands of ton-kilometers.

By the analysis it is established that in process of growth of the sizes of dairy farmings on land area amounts of an intraeconomic cargo transportation and costs for them increase. The specific weight of expenses on intraeconomic transportations increases in structure of product cost (table 4).

Table 4 – Expenses on an intraeconomic cargo transportation in specialized dairy farmings

In small-scale enterprises on one cow the amount of an intraeconomic cargo transportation makes up to 13 ton-kilometers, in averages – from 15 to 40, and in large – from 50 to 90 ton-kilometers. Similarly amounts of an intraeconomic cargo transportation and per one hectare of agricultural holdings change. So, in small-scale enterprises on one hectare of agricultural holdings an intraeconomic cargo transportation constitutes 5-10 ton-kilometers, in averages – 16-30 and 50-70 ton-kilometers in large-scale specialized dairy farmings.

In small-scale enterprises specific weight of costs for intraeconomic transportations in total production expenses of economy insignificant also occupies less than a half of percent, in averages – increases up to one percent, and in large already increases to three percent. Increase in a share of expenses on intraeconomic transportations naturally eats a part of profit and interferes with production efficiency growth.

Modeling and optimization calculations are efficient tool means of the analysis of an economic situation and synthesis of optimal management decisions in agrarian and industrial complex.

2. Burda G. P., Burda Al. G., Burda An. G. Modeling of economy: studies for higher educa-tion institutions. Part II. Methods of modeling of production and market. Krasnodar: KUBSAU, 2005. 545 pages (in Russ.).

3. Burda G. P., Burda Al. G., Burda An. G. Practical work on modeling and optimization of productions: studies for higher education institutions. Krasnodar: KUBSAU, 2008 (in Russ.).

4. Burda G. P., Burda A. G. Practical work on methods of optimal solutions: studies for higher education institutions. Krasnodar: KUBSAU, 2012. 233 pages (in Russ.).

5. Chayanov A. V. Optimum sizes of the agricultural entities. Novaja derevnja, 1928. 13 pages (in Russ.).